Module 3

Module 3 Empires in collision

1. What accounts for the massive peasant rebellions of 19^thcentury China?
The Peasant rebellion in 19th Century China was caused by the large increase in population, such a large increase in a small time frame creat very unsustanable conditions. Chinese agriculture was not able to keep up with demand thus creating large famines throughout the peasant community. such large population growth also strained the government's ability to keep up this force various eurocrats to mistreat or mishandle problems ineffectively, causing further frustration among the ever-growing Peasent community. Government over taxation, natural disasters and the emperor's misguided trust on ineffective officials can be tied up as the collective reason as to why the peasant class revolted in 19th century China. 

5. What lay behind the decline of the Ottoman Empire in the 19^thcentury?
The Competition for Cheap European manufactured goods created massive unemployment rates in the Ottoman empire which hit the many Ottamin craftsmen/artisans the hardest. this soon leads to various urban riots and protests towards foreign imports. European aggression further diminished the Ottoman empire in Egypt and the balks. Raising revenue or the act of it had drastically diminished thus creating power-hungry warlords in the area and Provincial authorities, a week military presence, commerce in Afro Eurasia had diminished since European powers had Nautical routes directly to Asia. Lastly, the Ottoman empire grew extremely dependent on foreign loans and its inability to repay interest led to many of its oppositions owning their parts of their major revenue providers. 

11. How did Japan’s relationship with the larger world change during its modernization process?
Japan had a very strong exclusion from the years 1600-1850, in order to avoid problems with china Japan agreed to unequal treaties with western powers originally resisting such treaties Japan was later influenced to accept in order to evade present conflicts. when compared to the Ottomans, and Chinese Empires Japan is seen as an outlier who needed to adapt quickly to the modern world with the assistance of western trade in order to survive against foreign dominance. yet unlike the Chinese Empire Japan was not seen as a major concern to the western powers which allowed Japan to reform under less pressure from the west. lastly unlike the Ottomans Japan was not as reliant on foreign capital which allowed for a strong dependent economy.         
    

Module 2 Ch 18

1. In what ways did the Industrial Revolution shape the character of 19^thcentury European imperialism?

With the emergence of the Industrial Revolution, European powers quickly saw the use of a foreign intervention that inevitably gave fruit to foreign markets. As Strayer correctly quoted the English Empirialist Cecil Rhodes "... In order to save 40 million inhabitants of the United Kingdom from a murderous civil war, the colonist politicians must open up new areas to absorb the excess population and create new markets for the products of the mines and factories..." In order to alleviate the problem created by Imperialists such as class division, and redistribution of wealth the Imperialists believed that by Invading, stealing natural resources and selling back said resources as newly created products such problems back home might be solved. This mentality was, of course, rampant to the point that it was the norm at the time and European Imperialists sought out against each other to gain a piece of the "Pie".    

4. In what different ways was colonial rule established in various parts of Africa and Asia?

The success of the Industrial Revolution created a necessity of raw materials, in which Imperialist reached out and obtained said materials by any means necessary. European nationalism was the main motivator in justifying such pirating. One major continent ravished by 19th Century Imperialism  was Africa, The competition for natural resources between European nations created a race to the finish and along the way little disregard was given to the colonized nations, to put it bluntly, a famous statement summarized the Imperialistic view of the situation "whatever happens we have got the maxi gun (machine gun) and they have not."    

3. What contributed to changing European views of Asians and Africans in the 19^thcentury?

Charles Darwin better known for his famous discovery of the evolution of animals in their natural realms shook the scientific world in the late 19th century, Darwinism a term coined by an English biologist Thomas Henry Huxley describes the theory of evolution; it states that all species being organic arise and develop through natural selection through small inherited variants that increase the individual's ability to compete survive and reproduce. now Social Darwinism is the theory that any group of people is subjected to Darwinian law of natural selection, Social Darwinism made Imperialism along with war, and aggression in Africa and Asia a just cause since it was seen as both a natural and progressive method that weeded out the weaker peoples of the world allowing the stronger to flourish.                             

online Module 1 Ch 17 The Industrial Rev.

Online Module 13) What was distinctive about Britain that may help explain its status as the breakthrough point of the Industrial Revolution? For starters, Britain had already been a large player in the world market, therefore commerce had always been a motivation for Britain. Another reason is that historians attribute the fact that most landlords had already bought off large sections of land leaving very little in the way of competition thus pushing new eager philanthropists to try their hand in innovative fields.   Its Political landscape also favored Commercialization and innovation, for example the religious freedom drove in many people with technical skills, and when compared to Frances's approach to Protestants it is clear to see that Britain was a hot spot for the Religiously persecuted, far more importantly people with skills.      Also, various positive acts were enacted favoring businessmen, such as tariffs being enacted in their favor by the British gov't. tariffs that directly attacked Indian goods such as textiles. this allowed the British companies to flourish in such a landscape.     The Scientific Revolution in Britain led a path to the industrial revolution, it was their manner of approach to science, which allowed various innovations to flourish such as the improved steam engine. A science that concentrated more on observation, experimentation, Precise measurement, mechanical devices, and Practical Commercial Application was seen in Britain than the more Popular version in Europe that was more based on Logic, Deduction, and mathematical Reasoning. 6) How did Karl Marx understand the Industrial Revolution? In what ways did his ideas have an impact in the industrializing world of the 19th century?Karl Max deeply believed in his understanding that the Industrial Revolution was by its nature creating an unstable system in where it would all collapse in itself through an inevitable revolution. Karl Marx's ideas had a deep impact in the industrializing world of the 19th century because of the socialist movements and their powerful roots in unions, this strongly shaped his personal view of communism.  This also leads to the Russian revolution which during the first world war removed the Russian Zsar and overpowered the Russian provisional Gov't which was entirely run by nobles and large capitalist, the soviets entirely comprised of soldiers and urban industrial working class had revolted and fought under the name the Red Army, The bolsheviks soon eliminated all opposition and created the USSR.   14) How might you situate the Industrial Revolution in the long history of humankind? How do you think the material covered in this chapter will be viewed 50, 100 or 200 years into the future?                                             I truly believe that in the years after, historians will look back at their predecessors and contribute global comers and Industrial revolution to the personal or collective decision for profit at the time. The present alluded men to choose and decide on major decisions were they never fully observed the outcome of their own decision or not being fully educated in their own decisions. With this being said The Industrial Revolution is simply one chapter in the evergrowing story of Humankind.                                                                                                                     

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