Module 6 Ch 22 The End of an Empire
3) What international circumstances and social changes contributed to the end of colonial empires?
Europe being weakened through war do to content fighting throughout the for year period and the damaged moral superiority brought about through defeat out of the great war aided in the dismantling of colonial empires. yet it wasn't until the united nations created in 1945 when the final nail on the hypothetical empirical coffin was placed. since the U.N created ways to conduct anti-colonial agitations, thus leading to the transformations of said social values which encouraged African and Asian nations to seek political independence. this was furthered by popular western educated elites in said nations to rise in the colonies and insist on independent freedom, through these educators the people in the colonies began to increasingly speak up against the unfair colonial rulings. this even brought some previous colonial leaders to re-establish new political relationships with ex-colonies.
7) What conflicts and differences divided India’s nationalist movement?
Between both political leaders, there was clear disagreement on the future of India, for example, Gandhi the idea of industrialization he hated the fact that this new nation would be a mear image of present nations and their systematic problems. while on the other hand, Nehru wanted India to accept industrialization, not only for its financial benefits but its technological one-two. Another divisive agenda was on the topic of Gandhi's none violence agenda and inclusivity for India, simply put not everyone wanted India to adopt Gandhi's philosophy, this can easily be seen by the evidence that thee were present Hindus preaching hatred against the Muslim minority. they even went as far as stating that the movement to improve the lives of women and the untouchables was primarily to distract people from the independence movement. In the end various other squabbles such as the argument to participate in British legislative bodies without independence, or the growing divide between both political philosophy or religious differences.
16) How and why did thinking about strategies for economic development change over time?
A profound expectation that the state authority would take responsibility for stoking the economic development since the private economy was weakly developed. since private enterprises, bearly contributed and the rapid soviet industrialization under state leadership conflicted with capitalistic interest internationally. although the states promised to protect the vulnerable economy which partnered with the growing dependency on the market to generate economic development which failed do to mismanagement, and statewide corruption along with the collaps of the soviet union changed the thought process/ strategies for economic gain.
Thursday, April 16, 2020
Thursday, April 9, 2020
Module 5
Module 5 Previous pandemics and what humanity has learned.
1)Spend some time for this class session learning about any other historical pandemic by doing self-guided research. What other pandemics can you find that has plagued humanity? Where did it strike? Why were people vulnerable to it? How long did it last? Did the people who experienced it learn anything from the experience / do anything differently afterward? What were the long-term effects of it on human populations or on the planet?
- As many have now clearly been exposed to the media one should already be aware of the life-altering impact that the COVID 19 Pandemic has brought, therefore many may be asking "what is a pandemic?" and "What does it do?". The word pandemic originates from the Greek word Pan meaning all and demos meaning people, the -ic is English and coming together making our modern-day word Pandemic. yet what does pandemic mean? put simply a pandemic is an outbreak of diseases or disease in a global proportion. They usually occur when a new virus (a submicroscopic infectious agent) emerges and begins to infect people at an alarming rate and is able to sustain such spread. There usually is little to no existing immunity which allows it to spread so quickly.
Our ancestors had previous pandemics and clearly, some overcame them, as humans have come together and organized themselves in closer compacted cities the probability for infectious diseases to emerge has risen. One of these great pandemics was the plague of Justinian (541-542 AD) in the Byzantine Empire. The culprit was Yersinia pestis aka the bubonic plague, it was carried by rats and transferred to humans through fleas. 25-50 million died after the plague had run its course, then returned 800 years later as the most infamous pandemic in human history. Sicily,1347 sailers brought with them very mysterious illnesses that gave people dark swellings or "buboes" in the armpit region and the groin. therefore this leads to the infamous Black Death.
The Black Death that ran from 1347-1351 forced visions to ban sailors from entering the city and lead to the first use of the word quarantine or 40 days in reference to the time that sailors spent in their ships before they were allowed to disembark. other places began to adopt such tactics such as the Italians where they prominently named it "Quaranta giorni". in the end 100-200million died across Eurasia.
Europeans also dealt with other Endemic diseases (diseases that have constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographical area) such as Chickenpox, Measles, and Small Pox. these diseases where the ones brought over to the new world and led to the death of approximately 20 million deaths in the pre-Colombian population. "In the end, it was not bullets nor steel that conquered the Americas but instead microscopic life forms that did the deed".
The Spanish Flue of 1918 which infected 500 million worldwide yet in this case the Spanish flue impacted the young adults the hardest. half that succumbed to the infection were between the ages of 20 and 40, and 99% were under the age of 65. so by the end of 1920 50-10milion had died.
Unlike these previous pandemics, it is highly unlikely we will reach such amounts yet if we truly wish to survive we must evolve, Learn and Adapt. Like the famous movie adaptation of H.G wells war of the world narrated (Morgan Freeman) said "...By the toll of a billion deaths, man had earned his immunity, his right to survive among this planet's infinite organisms. And that right is ours against all challenges. For neither do men live nor die in vain."
1)Spend some time for this class session learning about any other historical pandemic by doing self-guided research. What other pandemics can you find that has plagued humanity? Where did it strike? Why were people vulnerable to it? How long did it last? Did the people who experienced it learn anything from the experience / do anything differently afterward? What were the long-term effects of it on human populations or on the planet?
- As many have now clearly been exposed to the media one should already be aware of the life-altering impact that the COVID 19 Pandemic has brought, therefore many may be asking "what is a pandemic?" and "What does it do?". The word pandemic originates from the Greek word Pan meaning all and demos meaning people, the -ic is English and coming together making our modern-day word Pandemic. yet what does pandemic mean? put simply a pandemic is an outbreak of diseases or disease in a global proportion. They usually occur when a new virus (a submicroscopic infectious agent) emerges and begins to infect people at an alarming rate and is able to sustain such spread. There usually is little to no existing immunity which allows it to spread so quickly.
Our ancestors had previous pandemics and clearly, some overcame them, as humans have come together and organized themselves in closer compacted cities the probability for infectious diseases to emerge has risen. One of these great pandemics was the plague of Justinian (541-542 AD) in the Byzantine Empire. The culprit was Yersinia pestis aka the bubonic plague, it was carried by rats and transferred to humans through fleas. 25-50 million died after the plague had run its course, then returned 800 years later as the most infamous pandemic in human history. Sicily,1347 sailers brought with them very mysterious illnesses that gave people dark swellings or "buboes" in the armpit region and the groin. therefore this leads to the infamous Black Death.
The Black Death that ran from 1347-1351 forced visions to ban sailors from entering the city and lead to the first use of the word quarantine or 40 days in reference to the time that sailors spent in their ships before they were allowed to disembark. other places began to adopt such tactics such as the Italians where they prominently named it "Quaranta giorni". in the end 100-200million died across Eurasia.
Europeans also dealt with other Endemic diseases (diseases that have constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographical area) such as Chickenpox, Measles, and Small Pox. these diseases where the ones brought over to the new world and led to the death of approximately 20 million deaths in the pre-Colombian population. "In the end, it was not bullets nor steel that conquered the Americas but instead microscopic life forms that did the deed".
The Spanish Flue of 1918 which infected 500 million worldwide yet in this case the Spanish flue impacted the young adults the hardest. half that succumbed to the infection were between the ages of 20 and 40, and 99% were under the age of 65. so by the end of 1920 50-10milion had died.
Unlike these previous pandemics, it is highly unlikely we will reach such amounts yet if we truly wish to survive we must evolve, Learn and Adapt. Like the famous movie adaptation of H.G wells war of the world narrated (Morgan Freeman) said "...By the toll of a billion deaths, man had earned his immunity, his right to survive among this planet's infinite organisms. And that right is ours against all challenges. For neither do men live nor die in vain."
Tuesday, April 7, 2020
Module 4
Module 4 Ch 20 Collapse at the Center
1) Summarize the section from chapter 20
Ch 20 as stated by Strayer was a collective summery in how the leaders of western civilization such as Britain, France, Germany, and lost their position and influence through collective conflicts that weekend Europe, led to the death of various Empires and their loss of Colonies. left in its own self-destruction leadership of the western world was left in the hands of one of its predecessors the United states. War had left Europe in a crippling state, so much that by 1945 you wouldn't be criticized for thinking that the western civilization was damaged beyond repair. yet in the second half of the century, the western power showed its resilience by creating a European Union. Strayer latter goes on describing the first world war and how the Empires interweaving pacts lead to an all-out war. how the fighting not only occurred in Europe but also in its colonies, such as in Africa and the south pacific where British and French forces began to take over german colonies. Japan's allying with Britain invaded China in order to overtake German colonies. then latter started on how the Ottomans saw intense fighting not only through Allied hands but also through Arab Revolts. Lastly Describing how America joined the conflict after German submarines endangered American shipments in the Atlantic, this allowed Americans to have its first conflict over European soil and helped turn the tide in favor of the allies.
2) Summarize what you learned during your self-guided research
Trench warfare that most used tactics in the first world war led to various casualties not only though enemy hands but also do to terrible conditions created by their own undoing. the infamous trench foot condition was attributed to the disease a soldier would get when further long exposure to damp and unsanitary conditions was intermingled with the soldier's barefoot. another negative outcome that came from the trench's horrible conditions was just that the horrendous conditions soldiers lived in. disease and rot ran rampant the dead and the infected could bearly be told apart. on top of that, there was damage done by opposition such as gasses and chemical warfare. humanity's own ingenuity was turned into a weapon in a feverish attempt to end the war much quicker yet it only made it more deadly. Lastly, there is the ever more present shellshock condition in where the prolonged exposure to loud explosions in the field would leave a man disoriented and proved to have long-lasting psychological effects.
3) Relate what you’ve learned from both of those activities to the world we live in today. Some people say that fascist tendencies seem to be on the rise in parts of the world today… do you agree? If so, in what ways do contemporary trends demonstrate fascist tendencies? If not, what key elements of fascism would you need to see evidence of in order to say that this is an accurate claim?
Fascism, when defined, is the collective action of putting a nation or race above everything else. this may include individuality and inevitably human rights. Fascism is usually seen as creating a central singular autocracy that is more comparable to a regime or dictatorial leader. Many have compared the similarity in fascism to nationalism in where nationalism, when defined, is the identity of one's own nation and supporter of its nation's interest, especially in excluding the interest of other nations. To be blunt people associate nationalism with fascism do to its ties with its nation's nature yet fascism is an extreme version of nationalism and when comparing the two nationalism seem more calm and domestic than Fascism. The danger in today's political nature is the confusion of the two, it not only blurs the definition of its self but may lead to some unwanted outcomes when the watering down of the word occurs. such as the Orwellian concept in distorting or even corrupting the idea it refers to. Orwellian not in a sense of totalitarian control but in manipulative/inceptive use of language, because language is very powerful it shapes our very own thoughts and opinions.
1) Summarize the section from chapter 20
Ch 20 as stated by Strayer was a collective summery in how the leaders of western civilization such as Britain, France, Germany, and lost their position and influence through collective conflicts that weekend Europe, led to the death of various Empires and their loss of Colonies. left in its own self-destruction leadership of the western world was left in the hands of one of its predecessors the United states. War had left Europe in a crippling state, so much that by 1945 you wouldn't be criticized for thinking that the western civilization was damaged beyond repair. yet in the second half of the century, the western power showed its resilience by creating a European Union. Strayer latter goes on describing the first world war and how the Empires interweaving pacts lead to an all-out war. how the fighting not only occurred in Europe but also in its colonies, such as in Africa and the south pacific where British and French forces began to take over german colonies. Japan's allying with Britain invaded China in order to overtake German colonies. then latter started on how the Ottomans saw intense fighting not only through Allied hands but also through Arab Revolts. Lastly Describing how America joined the conflict after German submarines endangered American shipments in the Atlantic, this allowed Americans to have its first conflict over European soil and helped turn the tide in favor of the allies.
2) Summarize what you learned during your self-guided research
Trench warfare that most used tactics in the first world war led to various casualties not only though enemy hands but also do to terrible conditions created by their own undoing. the infamous trench foot condition was attributed to the disease a soldier would get when further long exposure to damp and unsanitary conditions was intermingled with the soldier's barefoot. another negative outcome that came from the trench's horrible conditions was just that the horrendous conditions soldiers lived in. disease and rot ran rampant the dead and the infected could bearly be told apart. on top of that, there was damage done by opposition such as gasses and chemical warfare. humanity's own ingenuity was turned into a weapon in a feverish attempt to end the war much quicker yet it only made it more deadly. Lastly, there is the ever more present shellshock condition in where the prolonged exposure to loud explosions in the field would leave a man disoriented and proved to have long-lasting psychological effects.
3) Relate what you’ve learned from both of those activities to the world we live in today. Some people say that fascist tendencies seem to be on the rise in parts of the world today… do you agree? If so, in what ways do contemporary trends demonstrate fascist tendencies? If not, what key elements of fascism would you need to see evidence of in order to say that this is an accurate claim?
Fascism, when defined, is the collective action of putting a nation or race above everything else. this may include individuality and inevitably human rights. Fascism is usually seen as creating a central singular autocracy that is more comparable to a regime or dictatorial leader. Many have compared the similarity in fascism to nationalism in where nationalism, when defined, is the identity of one's own nation and supporter of its nation's interest, especially in excluding the interest of other nations. To be blunt people associate nationalism with fascism do to its ties with its nation's nature yet fascism is an extreme version of nationalism and when comparing the two nationalism seem more calm and domestic than Fascism. The danger in today's political nature is the confusion of the two, it not only blurs the definition of its self but may lead to some unwanted outcomes when the watering down of the word occurs. such as the Orwellian concept in distorting or even corrupting the idea it refers to. Orwellian not in a sense of totalitarian control but in manipulative/inceptive use of language, because language is very powerful it shapes our very own thoughts and opinions.
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